Kindergarten and Children Essay

The early year’s division was not created by government approach with explicit points yet was made in light of the necessities of families to change conservative and social components. In this way open use concentrated on families with social needs and troubles. Neighborhood authority day nurseries provided food for the most part for kids who were in danger from hurt for the most part in denied territories. The Private segment held childminders, caretakers and private nurseries accessible. The playgroup development created during the 1960s where guardians set up and ran arrangement for their own youngsters to learn through play in town lobbies and other network offices. Families necessities for their kids fluctuate a few guardians need care for their youngsters so they can come back to work, a few guardians need to remain with their kids while they mingle, a few guardians need their kids in settings which offer administrations planned for learning. Others may need their kids to be in a locally established condition however tragically only one out of every odd family can bear to pay arrangement expenses, in this manner the early year’s part has different types of arrangement to address the issues everything being equal. The childcare arrangement incorporates: Mother and little child groups A place were the baby can associate with other kids their age, while the mother or father can remain and learn more approaches to care for and help with the child’s advancement Pre-school A private nursery, one that is paid for by the parent don't hold mandatory hours, the youngster doesn’t have a grade school place as of now. This is for a more youthful youngster to pick up certainty at an early age. Day care A day care is for kids from the age of 3 months to 5 years, they have various classes for offspring of various ages and the guardians can drop off the kid and get them when they wish. A few guardians just take the youngster in for a couple of hours daily so they have some cooperation with other kids and have new encounters. Creche A creche is a drop in focus childcare arrangement, the guardians don't pay a month to month charge they possibly pay when they need such childcare, creche’s are in a wide range of spots, for example, rec centers, strip malls and chapels, in these territories the youngsters are taken care of while the guardians can work out, shop or ask. The childcare division has changed tremendously over the most recent 50 years alongside society. Moms have quit remaining at home and furthermore gave essential consideration to babysitters or kid minders. More childcare settings have been required therefore. The administration offer every one of the 3-multi year old kids free day care in nurseries, for example, my setting for as long as 15 hours per week, this implies moms can go to work and so on leaving their kid there being taken care of by nursery educators, professionals and nursery medical caretakers. Recognize current arrangements, systems and impacts on the early years part [pic] United countries show on the privileges of the kid. Established in 1989 by world pioneers who concluded that kids required an extraordinary show for those under 18s since they frequently need exceptional consideration and that the legislature has a duty to take measures to ensure children’s rights are secured, regarded and satisfied. All youngsters reserve a privilege to sufficient food, cover, clean water, instruction, medicinal services, relaxation and entertainment. The demonstration additionally ensures children’s rights by setting the gauges in medicinal services, instruction and legitimate, common and social administrations. The four center standards are: Non-separation. Dedication to the eventual benefits of the kid The privilege to life Survival and improvement Respect the perspectives on a kid All youngsters up to the age of 18 are secured paying little heed to race, religion, sex, culture, regardless of whether they are rich or poor have an incapacity, what they do and don’t state and what language they talk, no kid ought to be dealt with unjustifiably. The eventual benefits of the kid should consistently start things out when settling on choices that can influence them. The EYFS works at setting the measures for getting the hang of guaranteeing that youngsters gain ground and no kid gets left behind. The training Act Free childcare arrangements were presented for under multi year old youngsters as expressed quickly already. Since September first 2010 this rose from 12 and a half hours seven days to 15 hours per week. The free qualification gives access to training and care and the hours can be adaptable throughout the week, all childcare arrangements must utilize the EYFS and help little youngsters accomplish the five Every Child Matters results. Depict what is implied by proof based practice and give instances of how this has affected work with youngsters in their initial years. Proof based practice is a system of choices produced using compelling data explored that impacts practice and permits experts to apply their insight to a circumstance which permits them to settle on a very much educated choices on future activities. Proficient practice requires these discoveries and research to be stayed up with the latest and a thought concerning how these can be applied to settings. Once in a while, we should make certain of what we discover before making a move as it probably won't be genuine or valid. This is the reason it is so significant for me to impart and concerns or questions to my group. My regular practice is impacted by what I have discovered or adapted beforehand as a mother yet in addition expertly through viewing my nursery educator and professionals and learning as I go. It has been fascinating to see that I am going in the correct track as a parent however eager to learn things I hadn’t even idea of beforehand for my own kids that I can use in the setting as well as carry home for my youngsters to profit by. A case of how research has impacted functioning with youngsters is The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) which is the primary fundamental examination in the UK that centers around the adequacy of early years training and studies youthful children’s scholarly, social and conduct advancement at age 3 to 7, gathering a wide scope of data on in excess of 3000 kids, their folks, their home condition and the pre-school they joined in. Its discoveries found that youngsters who had gone to early years arrangement were bound to have better subjective, social and conduct aptitudes when they began formal training than the individuals who had no early years arrangement, additionally affirming the estimation of early gaining through ‘play’ particularly from low-pay families. Key Elements of compelling practice (KEEP) is another model. It focused on that powerful learning in youngsters is reliant on secure connections. Learning through play and shaping secure connections are both key components to the EYFS. With formal and non formal perception plans and intelligent practice, there is nature of care, learning and improvement and responsibility as staff may require preparing and audit of methods and strategies so as to stay up with the latest with new proof in the arrangement of wellbeing and training. Clarify what is implied by Diversity is the contrasts among people and gatherings of individuals in social orders. These distinctions could be sex, ethnic starting points, social or strict foundation, family structure, incapacities, sexuality or appearance. Balance Equality implies that people in the public arena experience chances to accomplish which are in the same class as the open doors experienced by others. Consideration Inclusion is a procedure of distinguishing, comprehension and separating obstructions to cooperation and having a place. Clarify the significance of hostile to oppressive/against inclination work on, giving instances of how it is applied by and by with youngsters and carers The educational plan inside settings ought to speak to the various societies of the youngsters inside it to advance enemy of prejudicial and hostile to predisposition practice, as does my setting. We incorporate positive pictures inside the play regions for instance in books and on banners which permits our youngsters to see pictures of various races, inabilities, sex and age which advances an enemy of inclination perspective on the world we live in. We likewise include youngsters inside the setting who have extraordinary instructive needs which additionally breathes life into it for all the kids to empower this acknowledgment into their lives. The setting makes a domain which is satisfactory to all youngsters paying little mind to their experience, alongside having the option to cause them to feel invited. We guarantee they are totally esteemed and approach in each part of the arrangement. We additionally have had the delight of meeting professionals who are from various nations which likewise encourages the youngsters identify with correspondence inside their lives. Clarify how the dynamic interest of the youngsters in choices influencing their lives advances the accomplishment of positive results. Youngsters need to effectively take an interest in choices that will influence their life. Kids that are youthful need to settle on basic decisions that empower them to discover their preferences for themselves as well as for us to then arrangement exercises that address their necessities and difficulty their capacities, it very well may be as basic as having a decision between an apple and a pear. This will empower them to communicate their necessities and wishes. Letting the kids settle on decisions constructs a child’s certainty, confidence and their social abilities. In our setting the kids settle on decisions constantly, this will be the point at which a kid settles on a decision on what they need to do or who they need to do it with, these are straightforward decisions that an offspring of pre-school and nursery age can make for themselves. This will empower the youngster to grow more and settle on decisions later on in life that are progressively significant, for example, connections, what course to take at school, regardless of whether to increase a capability, what work they may attempt or in any event, when to get hitched and so forth. These decisions will all be major choices that could influence an amazing remainder. We as experts need to acti

The internship assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The temporary job task - Essay Example The temporary job task The clients need their arranged items on schedule and in this manner, merchants need to accomplish a specific degrees of collaboration and coordination among different offices so as to accomplish the ideal results of a particular undertaking. The activity that was performed during the entry level position was tied in with adjusting by the cutoff times. I figured out how to play out the activity very well as I had the option to advance collaboration and cooperative energies among the whole workforce. It was altogether trying for me to join different individuals from a few divisions so as to manufacture cross-practical groups. The group formative procedure was ended and stuck in excess of a couple of events. The challenges were confronted in light of the fact that there was a nearness of specific dislike and reluctance towards the thought of working intently among specialized and administrative staff. Both of the gatherings clutched the point that the other gathering doesn't have essen tial data expected to appreciate the issues. Yet, I with the assistance top administration supported a learning situation in the general association and hence, played a critical and significant job in the finishing of postponed ventures. My activity as a facilitator in a product improvement organization helped me to get significant information about the worldwide business of programming advancement and deals. The business has spread in all pieces of the world and because of this explanation I have gotten a remarkable opportunity to collaborate and speak with individuals from different societies and countries. As a salesman, I have likewise seen a couple of stamped contrasts in the conduct of individuals from immature and propelled countries separately. The clients having a place from some time ago referenced gathering of countries set a premium on cost adequacy of data innovation arrangements. The purchasers from last kind of nations center around quality and they are least worried about the sticker price of the item. The demographic of the organization where I worked is socially and locally scattered. I have discovered Americans with proficient mentality and they were very permissive regarding giving expansion in cu toff times. The Chinese and Russians then again, were extremely forceful in dealing with delays. To put it plainly, I have come to perceive that the number of inhabitants in created countries is unquestionably progressively affable and humble. Be that as it may, the clients from less created countries are irritating and they drove me insane on more than one occasions. However I kept quiet and formed while taking care of their complaints. All the more explicitly, I have discovered that the way of life is the product of human psyche (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2010) and hence, individuals utilize their social and financial encounters for deciding. The financial states of the less evolved world have been constantly corrupting. The previously mentioned pattern has constrained organizations in less created world to redistribute innovation to progressively created ones. In any case, the organizations from less created world are profoundly delicate towards costs and in this manner, they genera lly scan for the practical mechanical arrangements. I have likewise discovered that those organizations with poor PC and innovative education can't utilize the answers for the full degree. In any case, I will propose serious innovative preparing to all organizations that are hoping to gain most recent foundation. In my view, best in class innovation is pointless until the staff realizes how to utilize it. On account of significant number of the organizations, innovation brings about less

Have the Right Editing Service Before You Head to a Business Meeting

Have the Right Editing Service Before You Head to a Business MeetingNowadays, an English editing service is a good choice to have when you are trying to edit the speech of your speech. It will help you in organizing the speech and editing it in such a way that it conforms to the necessary specifications of the speaker. An editing service is specially helpful when you are writing your speeches in a hurry and need a clearer style. You need to think of the presentation and the content as well as the mood when you are working on the speech.It is also important to have the best speechwriter available so that you get right and correct information to write the speech for your audience. There are also cases when you are working on a speech as part of a project or your company. In these cases, it is very important to get a good English editing service provider who will take care of all the things that you need to get done in the process of editing.These services are useful in a number of case s, they include preparing the speech for the ceremonies, awards and meetings. These services can be considered a professional service because they are specialized in handling the requirements of certain job and demand. You need to hire the services only if you are not familiar with the job.In the past, there were lots of speechwriters available in the market so it was quite easy to find the right one to write your speech. Nowadays, these services are quite competitive in pricing and you will find it difficult to find the perfect one. So, if you need some of the best services available, then you should hire the services of a professional and proficient English editing service provider. The factors that you should consider while hiring a professional are that the team can work within a particular time.This is the reason why you need to select a speech writer that is going to work within the working hours. Also, you need to get a speech editor who is well-versed with the language and h as lots of experience in editing speech writing. The services of these services are offered on a one-time basis, but you can expect good results.During the time that the service is being provided, you have to make sure that the speech is finished in a concise and professional manner so that the presentation goes off without any problems. You should use the services of the most professional service provider available and for this you will need to compare the different offers before hiring the service provider.So, always check the quality of the editing services available and ensure that you are hiring the most efficient and proficient one available. Once you have checked the reputation of the services, you can go ahead and hire the service.

Mainland Student in Hong Kong - 2758 Words

Mainland Students in Hong Kong By now, its been 13 years since Hong Kong was handed over to China. Since 2002, Hong Kong universities began to recruit students in mainland China. Since then, there have been more and more mainland students rushing to Hong Kong to pursue undergraduate or postgraduate studies. According to the statistics of Hong Kongs government, there are more than 25,000 mainland students studying or working in Hong Kong in 2008, and getting a satisfying job and remaining in Hong Kong after graduation is the aim of the majority of mainland students. However, relative to the large†¦show more content†¦From his birth to university, he never had to worry about what he should do – all he had done was what his parents and teachers told him to. But since he arrived in Hong Kong, they were not monitoring his life any more like they were in mainland – he was lost in the beginning. So, inspired by local students, he began to plan his life and discover his potential step by step. He was keen to participate in every meaningful extracurricular activity in order to broaden his horizons, such as sport clubs and joining the photography union. Zhang won the gold award for his outstanding performance in volunteer activities. From these meaningful activities, what he gained was not just a prize, nor more knowledge about Hong Kong, but a realization that he had a knack for analyzing and researching. As a result, his future prospects became more explicit. Stereotypes There is an interesting phenomenon that deserves everyone’s attention – that mainland students seem to be separated from local students. Most mainland students have their own world – they sit together in class, do assignments together, and stick together outside of class. This creates an invisible gap between mainland students and local students. Generally speaking, local students are more socially active than mainland students, while mainland students emphasize more on their academics – they seek to digest all the material fromShow MoreRelatedThe Career Future Of The Hong Kong1495 Words   |  6 PagesCareer Future of the Mainland Talents in Hong Kong Introduction After 1997, the relationship of Hong Kong and Mainland China is closer than before. Education freedom make Hong Kong be one of the links, which let the Mainland China communicate with the world (Tong, 2014). From 1998 to 2013, the number of mainland students who study in Hong Kong increases of ten times (Hong Kong Chinese University, 2014). After graduated, some mainland students want to find a good job in Hong Kong. However, they faceRead MoreHow Is Hong Kong Independent Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesHong Kong Independent To the Chinese This historical social problem bothered us for years. 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After the breakout of the Cultural Revolution in China, pro-communist leftists in Hong Kong actively found opportunitiesRead MoreChinese Culture Of Hong Kong1818 Words   |  8 Pageshistorical aspect, the society of Hong Kong inherited characteristic from the British colonial era but still the influence of China is heavy. Hong Kong has a closely connection with mainland China due to geographical proximity and 95% Chinese immigrants with of its population help to maintain the identity among Chinese in Hong Kong, despite they tend to blend of both oriental and Western elements(Tsu, 2014). Although the British colonial government in Hong Kong did not have any intention to fade

Antisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd ) Exhibit - 918 Words

As defined by the American Psychiatric Association (2013), individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) exhibit â€Å"a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. Individuals, both with and without ASPD, often find themselves facing stiff consequences when they break the law by violating the rights of others. The propensity of individuals with ASPD to break such laws is one possible explanation for the prevalence of ASPD increasing from a range of 0.2% to 3.3% in the general population to 47% in prisons (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Fazel Danesh, 2002). With such a disparity between the general and prison prevalence of ASPD, it is clear that society is adroit in isolating the undesired behaviors of individuals with ASPD; however, society also has a responsibility to protect the rights of those diagnosed with a bonafide illness. If ASPD is the c ause of an individual’s incarceration, then their successful reintegration into society relies on treating the underlying diagnosis, and in order to do that, it is important to understand the neurobiological foundations of ASPD. Individuals with APSD exhibit neuroanatomical differences compared with individuals without the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have identified an 11.0% reduction in prefrontal gray matter in individuals diagnosed with ASPD (Raine, Lencz, Bihrle, LaCasse, Show MoreRelatedA Good Man By Flannery O Connor946 Words   |  4 PagesFlannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† Is an accurate representation of Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). Through The Misfits recollection of his past, his trauma, and his lack of guilt he depicts a severe case of ASPD. The Misfit’s recollection of his past shows the development of ASPD in childhood. His lack of discipline in childhood and his recollection of when he behaved well are indicators of ASPD. The Misfit stated, â€Å"My daddy said I was a different breed of dog from my brothersRead MoreThe Common Occurrences Of Comorbidity Between The Disorder1401 Words   |  6 Pagesis an overlap between the personality clusters. The most significant comorbidity occurrences with ASPD include paranoid personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (Out of the Fog, 2015) See figure 4 (Appendix C). Furthermore, additional studies are suggesting that 67% of those diagnosed (DSM-IV) with a personality disorder also met the criteria for at least one other mental disorder. Antisocial personality disorder has often been found to coexistRead MorePsychopathy, Sociopathy And Anti Social Personality Disorder913 Words   |  4 PagesAre Psychopat hy, Sociopathy and Anti-Social Personality Disorder the same? Psychopathy, sociopathy, and anti-social personality disorder, also known as ASPD, are three very similar disorders; so much so that it is a common question if they are the same disorder or not. All three of them are defined as people who have anti-social behaviours. All of these disorders are very common in people who disregard both the law and social norms, have no shame or guilt, and are occasionally violent; such asRead More Personality Disorders Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesThere are personality disorders, and then there are extremely troubling personality disorders that haunt you if you have ever met someone who had one. Antisocial personality disorder would be the latter. Often called sociopaths or psychopaths, individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder exhibit a lack of conscience, and have a complete disregard for the safety of those around them and their self (American Psychological Association [APA], 2000). While half of the teenagers in America exhibit theseRead MoreThe Correlation between Child Maltreatment and the Development of Antisocial Personality Disorder1557 Words   |  7 Pagestoward antisocial behavior. Of these environmental triggers, childhood abuse may be the most important of situational factors. Understanding antisocial personalities in individuals with biological susceptibility to antisocial behaviors and those who experienced maltreatment in a hostile environment would be at a high risk for developing antisocial personality disorder. Although the diagnosis is limited to those persons over eighteen years of age, it usually involves a history of antisocial behaviorRead MoreThe Effects Of Sociopaths On The Criminal Justice System Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesinteresting phenomenon to the outside world. What most people don’t know is that sociopaths usually suffer from some spectrum of Antisocial Personality Disorder. According to Grohol (2016), Differences Between a Psychopath vs Sociopath, sociopath and psychopath are both categorized as antisocial personality disorders. Deceit and manipulation are main features to this personality disorder. An associate professor of Psychology and Neuroscience from the University of New Mexico, and a District Judge from DenverRead MoreRelationship Between Ethnic Minority And Women And The Level Of Traits Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThis study examines the relationship between ethnic minority and women and the level of traits that they have in common with Antisocial Personality disorder, compared to Caucasian males. It was hypothesized that ethnic minority women would show equal if not more of these behaviors when compared to Caucasian males. The findings showed a statistical significance in that African-American females showed an equal ability to be just as violent and lack in empathy as much as Caucasian males. 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Justification Based on the description of Peter’s symptomatology, the appropriate diagnosis is Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). As indicated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (2013). As described by Peter, his physical injuries are a broken noseRead MoreAntisocial Persoanlity Disorder1398 Words   |  6 PagesIndividuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) are characterized as being deceitful, egocentric, and having little regard for rules or the feelings of others (Duggan, 2009). Individuals with ASPD have been found to be unable to correctly interpret emotional situations; they also experience negative feelings more often than positive feelings. They are also more likely to experience anger than fear, which can trigger violent behavior. Individuals with ASPD have a tendency to employ defense

A Synopsis of Accounting for Business Combinations Essay Example For Students

A Synopsis of Accounting for Business Combinations Essay A SYNOPSIS OF ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS COMBINATIONS, INTANGIBLES AND GOODWILL IMPAIRMENT INTRODUCTION During the 1980s and 1990s a great number of business mergers and acquisitions took place. The generally accepted accounting principles to record the initial transaction and to account for the acquired assets during their estimated useful lives this were well established. Over time however, users of financial statements began to question whether those principles and practices accurately reflected the market realities regarding the assets, their useful lives and their contribution to a companys value. In addition, intangible assets have become increasingly more important as an economic resource. It was apparent that users of financial statements did not accept that goodwill amortization expense provided useful information. They realized that treating goodwill as a wasting asset whose value deteriorates predictably over a fixed period of time ignored the economic realities. Goodwill, in fact, can be replenished and increased in value; alternatively, the value of goodwill can decrease precipitously in a short period of time. During the 1970’s the FASB had an active project on its agenda to reexamine the accounting for business combinations and acquired intangible assets. However, action on the project was deferred until, in 1981, the Board removed the project from its agenda entirely, to focus on higher priority projects. In 1986 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) included the project on business combinations on its agenda. The purpose was to â€Å"improve the transparency of accounting and reporting of business combinations, including the accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets. The FASB’s study confirmed that users of financial statements placed greater emphasis on the goodwill asset reported on the balance sheet, rather than an allocation of goodwill amortization expense reported on the income statement. This project resulted in FASB 141 – Business Combinations, and FASB 142 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. This emphasis on asset valuation rather th an expense recognition reflected the FASB’s evolving emphasis on fair value measurement of assets and liabilities. The FASB achieved their two stated goals, that: All business combinations be accounted for in the same manner †¢ Goodwill and intangible assets are accounted for in a manner that reflects economic reality. Another reason the Board undertook the project is because â€Å"many perceived the differences in the pooling-of-interests method and purchase method to have affected competition in markets for mergers and acquisitions. Entities that could not meet all of the conditions for applying the pooling method believed that they faced an unlevel playing field in competing for targets with entities that could apply that method. This â€Å"unlevel playing field† was perceived to extend internationally, as well. â€Å"Cross-border differences in accounting standards for business combinations and the rapidly accelerating movement of capital flows globally heig htened the need for accounting standards to be comparable internationally. † Thus the Canadian equivalent of FASB conducted a similar project concurrently with FASB. The FASB’s project culminated in two new pronouncements, SFAS 141, Business Combinations, and SFAS 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. FAS 141 – Business Combinations FAS 141 supersedes APB Opinion 16, Business Combinations. Under APB 16, business combinations were accounted for using either the pooling-of-interests method or the purchase method. The pooling-of-interests method was required when twelve specified criteria were met; otherwise the purchase method was required. However, the twelve criteria did not distinguish transactions that were economically dissimilar and thus similar business combinations were accounted for using different methods, and producing dramatically different results. As a result, users of financial statements could not compare the financial results of entities where different combination methods had been used; users of financial statements indicated a need for better information regarding intangible assets; and company management felt that differences in combination accounting methods impacted competition in markets for mergers and acquisitions. SFAS 141 is based on the proposition that all business combinations are essentially acquisitions, and thus all business combinations should be accounted for in a consistent manner with other asset acquisitions. FAS 141 begins with the declaration that the â€Å"accounting for a business combination follows the concepts normally applicable to the initial recognition and measurement of assets acquired, liabilities assumed or incurred†¦as well as to the subsequent accounting for those items. † A â€Å"business combination occurs when an entity acquires net assets that constitute a business or acquires equity interest of one or more other entities and obtains control over that entity or entities. † In a combination effected through an exchange of cash or other assets it is easy to identify the acquiring entity and the acquired entity. In a combination effected through an exchange of equity interests, the entity issuing the equity interest is generally the acquiring entity. However, in some business combinations, known as reverse acquisitions, it is the acquired entity that issues the equity interests. (Paragraphs 15-19 offer guidance in this complex area. ) Generally, in exchange transactions, the fair values of the assets acquired and the consideration surrendered are considered to be equal, and no gain or loss is recognized. The total cost of the exchange transaction is then allocated to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their relative fair values. â€Å"Fair value† is defined as â€Å"the amount at which an asset (or liability) could be bought (or incurred) or sold (or settled) in a current transaction between willing parties, that is, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. † The excess of the cost of the acquired assets over the fair value amounts assigned to the tangible assets, the financial assets and identifiable intangible assets is evidence of an unidentified intangible asset or assets, or goodwill. In determining the cost allocation, the Statement offers guidance for many items, including: ? Receivables at present values, less allowances for uncollectibility and collection costs ? Finished goods inventory and merchandise at estimated selling prices less costs of disposal and reasonable profit allowance ? Work in process inventory at estimated selling prices of finished goods less cost to complete, cost of disposal and reasonable profit ? Raw materials inventory at current replacement costs ? Intangible assets that meet certain criteria are valued at estimated fair value ? Liabilities and accruals at present value of amounts to be paid ? Other liabilities and commitments – such as unfavorable leases, contracts ad commitments – at present values of amounts to be paid. â€Å"An acquiring entity shall not recognize the goodwill previously recorded by an acquired entity, nor shall it recognize the deferred income taxes recorded by an acquired entity before its acquisition. A deferred tax liability or asset shall be recognized for differences between the assigned values and the tax bases of the recognized assets acquired and liabilities ssumed in accordance with FASB 109. † SFAS 141 also changes how intangible assets are recognized. APB Opinion 16 required separate recognition of intangible assets that could be identified and named. SFAS 141 requires that acquired intangible assets apart from goodwill be recognized if: 1. the intangible arises from contractual or other legal rights, such as patents and trademarks OR 2. the intangible ca n be separated or divided from the acquired entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged individually, or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. Examples of intangible assets that are contractual or separable include: †¢ Contractual – o Customer contracts o Order backlog o Operating leases o License agreements o Royalty agreements o Employment contracts o Trademarks †¢ Noncontractual but separable – o Customer/subscriber lists o Unpatented technology Any intangible asset that does not meet the separate recognition test (such as a trained and assembled workforce) is classified as goodwill. The FAS offers five categories of intangible asset: ? Marketing-related – those assets that are primarily used in the marketing or promotion of products and services. Trade marks, trade names o Trade dress (package design) o Internet domain names o Non-compete agreements ? Customer-related o Customer lists o Order backlog o Customer contracts and relationships ? Artistic-related – these meet the criteria for recognition apart from goodwill if they arise from contractual rights or legal rights such as tho se provided by a copyright. o Books, plays and other literary works o Musical works o Pictures and photographs o Video material ? Contract-based o Licensing, royalty agreements o Advertising, construction, service or supply contracts o Lease agreements Use rights such as drilling, water, air, mineral, timber cutting and route authorities o Broadcast rights ? Technology-based – relate to innovations or technological advances o Patented technology o Unpatented technology o Computer software o Databases o Trade secrets, formulas, recipes If it should turn out that the fair value of acquired assets exceeds the cost of the acquisition, the acquirer will first reassess whether all acquired assets and assumed liabilities have been identified and recognized, and will re-value the assets and liabilities. If there is still an excess of fair value of acquired assets over their cost, the excess will be allocated as a pro rata reduction of the amounts otherwise assigned to the acquired assets, except for: ? Financial assets (cash, evidence of ownership in an entity, or a contract that conveys a contractual right to receive cash) ? Assets to be disposed of by sale ? Deferred tax assets ? Prepaid assets relating to pension or other postretirement benefit plans ? Any other current assets. Online Shopping At The Mall EssayThe allocation is done only for purposes of testing the impairment of goodwill – no write-up or write-down of a recognized asset or liability is to occur. Nor should a previously unrecognized intangible asset be recognized as a result of step two impairment testing. Standard of Value SFAS 142 requires the valuation of the reporting unit using â€Å"fair value† as the standard of value. This is defined in the standard as: â€Å"The amount at which an asset (or liability) could be bought (or incurred) or sold (or settled) in a current transaction between willing arties, that is, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. † This definition, and the language in the Standard, indicates that the standard of value allows for known parties to the transaction, and that the value of synergies can be taken into account. â€Å"Substantial value may arise from the ability to take advantage of synergies and other benefits that flow from con trol over another entity. † In fact, the Standard goes on to say, a â€Å"control premium may cause the fair value of a reporting unit to exceed its market capitalization. † This is no small matter when distinguished with a â€Å"fair market value† standard of value, which would disregard the value of potential or actual synergies. Level of Value As described above, the language of SFAS 142 implies that â€Å"fair value† is a controlling interest level of value and that, therefore, a discount for lack of control would not be proper. Further, however, a synergistic control value seems to be appropriate, allowing for the recognition of internal synergy enhancements in value not available to a financial buyer. Calculation of Value If quoted market prices are not available, the estimate of fair value will be based on the best information available. â€Å"A present value technique is often the best available technique with which to estimate the fair value of a group of net assets. † The estimates of cash flow should be based on â€Å"reasonable and supportable† assumptions. If a range of possible outcomes is considered, the guidance in Concepts Statement 7 should be followed. Financial Statement Presentation and Disclosure The following should be disclosed in the financial statements: Presentation: At a minimum, all intangible assets shall be aggregated and presented as a separate line item. However, the intangible assets can be grouped by class of asset. ? The aggregate amount of goodwill is to be shown separately ? Impairment losses of goodwill are shown as a separate item before income from continuing operations. ? Amortization expense and impairment losses for intangible assets other than goodw ill are shown as charges against income from continuing operations. Disclosure: ? For intangibles subject to amortization – o Total amount assigned to any major intangible asset class o Amount of any significant residual value Weighted average amortization period, in total and by major class o Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization in total and by major class o Aggregate amortization expense for the period o Estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years ? For intangibles not subject to amortization o The amount assigned in total and by major intangible asset class. o Total carrying amount and for each major class ? The changes in carrying amount of goodwill during the year including: o Aggregate amount of goodwill acquired Aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized o Amount of goodwill included in the gain/loss on disposal of a reporting unit ? For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset other th an goodwill: o Description of the impaired asset and the facts and circumstances leading to its impairment o Amount of impairment loss and the method for determining its fair value o The caption in the income statement where the loss is aggregated ? For each goodwill impairment loss: o Description of the facts and circumstances leading to its mpairment o Amount of impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit Previously Recognized Intangible Assets The useful lives of intangible assets acquired prior the effective date of the Statement will be reassessed prior to the end of the first interim period of the fiscal year in which SFAS 142 is first applied. Likewise, previously recognized intangible assets with indefinite useful lives shall be tested for impairment in the same time frame, and any resulting impairment loss will be recognized as the effect of a change in accounting principle. RUSSELL T. GLAZER, CPA, MBA CERTIFIED BUSINESS APPRAISER Horowitz, Waldman, Berretta Maldow, LLP 1000 Woodbury Road Woodbury, New York, 11797 (516) 364-4567 [emailprotected] com CERTIFIED BUSINESS APPRAISER, certified by the Institute of Business Appraisers. 1995 to the present – Performing appraisals of interests in privately held companies for buy/sell transactions, mergers and acquisitions, marital dissolution, gift and estate tax purposes and litigation support. Experienced also in conducting forensic accounting examinations for marital dissolution and litigation support. This experience covers a broad range of industries, including manufacturing, wholesale, retail, service and construction. 1979 to the present – As a Certified Public Accountant, Mr. Glazer has over twenty years of experience as a business advisor and analyst, providing services in the areas of auditing, financial statement preparation and analysis, forecasts and projections, budgeting, cost accounting and product pricing. Industry experience includes manufacturing, construction, wholesale, service, not-for-profit and retail. PUBLICATIONS Assessing the Effect of Taxes on the Valuation of S Corporations,† Business Valuation Review, June, 2002. â€Å"A Study of the Discounts Inherent in the P/NAV Multiples of Real Estate Limited Partnerships,† Business Appraisal Practice, Winter 2000-2001, pages 22-28. â€Å"Partnership Re-Sale Discounts Narrow Due To Liquidations,† Business Valuation Update, October 2000. â€Å"IRS Releases Recommendations on Valuation Polic ies,† Business Valuation Update, April 2000, page 1. (Part of the curriculum of Current Update in Business Valuations, a one day seminar offered in 2000 by the National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts. â€Å"Conducting Valuations with Guiding Fundamental Principles,† article review, Business Valuation Update, December 1999, page 7. â€Å"Valuing FLPs For Estate and Gift Planning,† Long Island Business News, October 22, 1999. â€Å"Nondistributing Partnerships Show 46% Discount from NAV,† study abstract, Business Valuation Update, August 1999, page 5. SPEAKING/LECTURES Using Valuation Discounts to Benefit Your Clients, a presentation for the Taxation Law Committee of the Suffolk County Bar Association. Business Valuation, an eight hour course prepared for the Foundation for Accounting Education, the Continuing Professional Education arm of the New York State Society of Certified Public Accountants. â€Å"The Basics of Business Valuation,† presented to various organizations. â€Å"Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services – Old and New,† CPE credit-approved course developed for C. W. Post College’s Tax Accounting Institute. Adjunct Professor of Accounting, Suffolk County Community College. Courses taught include: ? Cost Accounting ? Managerial Accounting Practical Accounting ? Computers and Accounting ? Business Mathematics Variety of subjects for NYSSCPA-Suffolk â€Å"Accounting and Tax Issues for the Building Industry,† presentation for the Long Island Builders Institute, April, 1998 â€Å"Business Planning for Entrepreneurs,† presentation for the U. S. Small Business Administration, January 1999. TECHNICAL TRAINING Insti tute of Business Appraisers ? Valuation of the Closely Held Business – Advanced Theory and Applications ? Report Writing and Analysis ? Discount and Capitalization Rates: Practical and Defensible Derivation ? Advanced Steps to Take Appraisals from Ordinary to Outstanding ? Statistics in Business Valuation and Litigation Support American Society of Appraisers ? Current Topics in Business Valuations, 10th Annual Conference ? Principles and Ethics Exam ? Preparing a Defensible Business Valuation Work Product Efficiently ? The Potential Effects of Complex Litigation on Shareholder Value ? Keeping Up With The Internet ? Taking The Deal to Market: Identifying Quantifying Risks to Value ? How To Evaluate An Executive Compensation Plan Economic Outlook: Inflation, Interest Rates and Equity Returns ? Resolving Disputes With The IRS ? The Board’s Approach to Appraisal Issues and Shareholder Value ? Profits and Market Multiples – Some Complications American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ? What’s New and Important in Business Valuation National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts ? Capitalization and Discount Rates ? Tax Angles in Valuations Under IRC Chapter 14 ? Research: Economic, Industry, Legal and Internet ? Valuing Family Limited Partnerships ? Valuing Service Organizations The Valuation of Law Firms Under the pooling-of-interests method, the carrying amount of assets and liabilities recognized in the statements of financial position of each combining entity are carried forward to the statements of the combined entity. No other assets or liabilities are recognized as a result of the combination, and thus the excess of the purchase price over the book value of the net assets acquired is not recognized. A business is defined by EITF 98-3 as â€Å"a self-sustaining integrated set of activities †¦conducted and managed for the purpose of providing a return to investors. †

The Veldt by Ray Bradbury About a Family Essay Example

The Veldt by Ray Bradbury: About a Family Paper The Veldt is a story written by Ray Bradbury. Its a story about a family in their Happy-Life Home in the future. More importantly, it reveals the impact of future technology on the children of that time. To examine this we analyze the childrens attitude toward their parents, their emotions to the nursery, and the impact it has on the childrens daily lives. First, to examine this impact we analyze the childrens attitude toward their parents. I dont think youd better consider it any more, Father. Peter said to Georges threat to shut down the house. This quote is a perfect example of the childs lack of respect for his parents. The technology has corrupted Pewters reverence for anyone but his precious nursery. Another example is the quote l wish you were dead! Though many children have said that before, I doubt any meant it as much as Peter did. The childrens attitude towards their parents is very cavalier and cold. They were spoiled and expect everything they want from their parents. We will write a custom essay sample on The Veldt by Ray Bradbury: About a Family specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Veldt by Ray Bradbury: About a Family specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Veldt by Ray Bradbury: About a Family specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They become so stubborn that they changed the whole dynamic of the parent child relationship. The emotions to the nursery really show the Impact of technology. Dont let them do It, Peter wailed when George was going to shut down the nursery for good. This quote suggests that the children have substituted the nursery for their parents. Peter Is so wrapped up and consumed by his technology that he loses sense of reality. He really thought he was talking too person. l wouldnt want the nursery locked up. Ever, Peter said very coldly. By adding coldly to the end of the sentence, the author really emphasized how Important the nursery was to Peter. As said by David Mclean, The room Is their mother and father, far more Important In their lives then their real parents. The statement couldnt be any truer. The nursery Is a very Important part of their life, too Important. To fully understand the Impact of technology of the children of this time Is to analyze the dally life of the children. Would I have to brush my own teeth and comb my hair and give myself a bath? Technology has made these children Incredibly lazy. How much effort does It really take to brush your teeth or comb your hair? Another example Is when Peter asked, Would I have to tie my own shoes Instead of letting the shoe tier do It? Today, tying our shoes Is a dally process that we dont even think about. To think that these kids are so lazy that they dont want to tie their own shoes Is Just absurd. In conclusion, technology has made the childrens lives easier but as a result, left them with coolness and laziness. Parents. Dont think youd better consider it any more, Father. Peter said to The emotions to the nursery really show the impact of technology. Dont let them do it, Peter wailed when George was going to shut down the nursery for good. This Peter is so wrapped up and consumed by his technology that he loses sense of the author really emphasized how important the nursery was to Peter. As said by David Mclean, The room is their mother and father, far more important in their lives then their real parents. The statement couldnt be any truer. The nursery is a ere important part of their life, too important. To fully understand the impact of technology of the children of this time is to analyze the daily life of the children. Would I have to brush my own teeth and comb my hair and give myself a bath? Technology has made these children incredibly lazy. How much effort does it really take to brush your teeth or comb your hair? Another example is when Peter asked, Would I have to tie my own shoes instead of letting the shoe tier do it? Today, tying our shoes is a daily process that we dont own shoes is Just absurd.